WHAT ARE TEXAS CONSTABLES?
Constables in Texas are often considered the “Peoples Police” because of the Constitutional origin of the office as well as the fact they are elected by constituents in their precinct every four years. Constables are commissioned law enforcement officers licensed by the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement. Unlike other Texas peace officers, constables have Constitutional authority to enforce both civil and criminal laws. Constables have jurisdiction for civil service throughout their county and any contiguous county, as well as statewide authority for criminal matters. They have the same enforcement powers as other peace officers and often participate actively in criminal investigations. In some communities, constables focus on truancy cases. In addition to performing traditional law enforcement functions, the constable also may serve as bailiff for the justice courts and serve subpoenas and papers necessary to the functioning of both civil and criminal justice systems. The constable also plays an important role in making sure judgments rendered in civil cases are satisfied. The constable must also keep accounts of the financial transactions of the office and is responsible for property seized or money collected by court order.
As with all elected county officials, the constable has ultimate authority over the operations of the office, including the authority to hire and fire personnel and direct their daily activities. The constable also has authority to determine how to use all other resources allocated to the office during the budget process.
Currently, there are more than 780 constables and 3,000 deputy constables serving Texans in 251 of the 254 counties in the State of Texas. Although comprehensive, accurate records do not exist, recent estimates indicate between 93 to 172 Texas constables or deputy constables have died in the line of duty, throughout Texas history, reflecting the risks associated with the office. The position remains a vital part of Texas law enforcement, preserving a centuries-old tradition of local policing that began in England and adapted to the unique needs of Texas communities. In England by the turn of the sixth century, under King William, the term “COP” was created for “Constable on Patrol”.
Click here for The History and Evolution of the Constable Office in Texas